沸水堆

013 沸水堆

BWR – Boiling water reactor

（https://www.nuclear-power.com/）

BWR-沸水堆

The boiling water reactor, abbreviated as BWR, is a light water reactor, in which light water (ordinary water) is used as a moderator as well as the reactor coolant. In BWRs, the reactor coolant boils inside the pressure vessel producing the steam that runs the turbines. It is one the most common types of nuclear reactors.

沸水堆，缩写BWR，是一种用轻水(普通水)作为慢化剂和反应堆冷却剂的轻水堆。在沸水反应堆中，反应堆冷却剂在压力容器内沸腾，产生蒸汽来驱动涡轮机。它是最常见的核反应堆类型之一。

A boiling water reactor is cooled and moderated by water like a PWR, but at a lower pressure (7MPa), which allows the water to boil inside the pressure vessel producing the steam that runs the turbines. A BWR is like a PWR but with many differents. The BWRs don’t have any steam generator. Unlike a PWR, there is no primary and secondary loop. The thermal efficiency of these reactors can be higher, and they can be simpler, and even potentially more stable and safe. But the disadvantage of this concept is that any fuel leak can make the water radioactive and that radioactivity can reach the turbine and the rest of the loop.

沸水堆像压水堆一样，是用水来冷却和慢化的，但压力更低(7MPa)，这使得水在压力容器内沸腾，产生蒸汽来驱动涡轮机。沸水堆与压水堆类似，但也有许多不同之处。沸水堆没有蒸汽发生器。与压水堆不同，它没有一次回路和二次回路。这种反应堆的热效率可以更高，也可以更简单，甚至可能更稳定和安全。但这一概念的缺点是，任何燃料泄漏都会使水具有放射性，并可以到达涡轮机和回路的其余部分。

沸水堆

In a typical design concept of a BWRs, the following process occurs:

在典型的沸水堆设计概念里，会发生以下过程:

• The reactor core inside the reactor vessel creates heat (e.g. 3900MW).

• 反应堆容器内的反应堆堆芯产生热量(例如3900MW)。

• A steam-water mixture moves upward through the core and absorbs this heat (typical Tin=215°C and Tout=285°C).

• 蒸汽-水混合物向上移动通过核心并吸收这种热量(典型的进口温度=215°C、出口温度=285°C)。

• The steam-water mixture leaves the top of the core and enters the two stages of moisture separation where water droplets are removed before the steam is allowed to enter the steamline.

• 蒸汽-水混合物离开堆芯的顶部，进入汽水分离的两个阶段，在蒸汽进入蒸汽管道之前，水滴已被去除。

• The “dry” steam then exits the reactor through main steam lines and goes to the turbine.

• 然后，“干”蒸汽通过主蒸汽管线离开反应堆，进入涡轮机。

• The turbine drives the turbine generator, which produces electricity (e.g. 1300MWe).

• 涡轮机驱动涡轮发电机，产生电力(例如1300MWe)。

• The unused steam (45°C) is exhausted to the condenser, where it is condensed into water. The secondary side of the condenser extracts the waste heat (2600MW; 30°C) and the waste heat is released into environment. The resulting primary water is pumped out of the condenser with a series of pumps, reheated, and pumped back to the reactor vessel.

• 未使用的蒸汽(45℃)排到冷凝器被冷凝成水。冷凝器的二次侧提取余热(2600MW;30°C)，并释放到环境中。由此产生的一回路水由一系列泵从冷凝器中泵出，经过再加热后再泵回反应堆容器。

沸水堆电厂简图

注）

（以下内容来自百度百科）

沸水堆（Boiling Water Reactor）：全称“沸腾水反应堆”。是轻水堆的一种，以沸腾轻水为慢化剂和冷却剂并在反应堆压力容器内直接产生饱和蒸气的动力核反应堆。